龍(long)門(men)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)又叫龍(long)門(men)吊是(shi)(shi)水平橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)設(she)置在兩(liang)條(tiao)支(zhi)腿上構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)門(men)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)形(xing)狀的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)型(xing)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。這種起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在地面軌道上運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，主(zhu)要用在露天貯(zhu)料場、船(chuan)塢、電站、港口和(he)(he)鐵路貨站等地進行(xing)(xing)搬運(yun)和(he)(he)安裝作(zuo)業(ye)。龍(long)門(men)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)起升機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)、小車(che)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)結構(gou)(gou)，與橋(qiao)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)基本相同(tong)。由(you)于(yu)跨(kua)度大(da)，起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)大(da)多采用分別驅(qu)動方式，以(yi)防止起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產(chan)生歪斜運(yun)行(xing)(xing)而(er)增加(jia)阻力(li)，甚至發生事故。龍(long)門(men)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小車(che)在橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上運(yun)行(xing)(xing)，有(you)(you)的(de)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小車(che)就是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臺臂(bei)(bei)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)型(xing)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)兩(liang)側的(de)支(zhi)腿一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)剛(gang)性支(zhi)腿；跨(kua)度超過30米時，常是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側為(wei)剛(gang)性支(zhi)腿，而(er)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側通過球鉸和(he)(he)橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)連接的(de)柔性支(zhi)腿，使門(men)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)成(cheng)為(wei)靜定(ding)系統，這樣(yang)可(ke)以(yi)避免在外載(zai)荷作(zuo)用下(xia)由(you)于(yu)側向(xiang)推力(li)而(er)引起附加(jia)應力(li)，也可(ke)補償橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)縱向(xiang)的(de)溫(wen)度變形(xing)龍(long)門(men)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)受風(feng)面積大(da),為(wei)防止在強風(feng)作(zuo)用下(xia)滑行(xing)(xing)或翻倒，裝有(you)(you)測風(feng)儀和(he)(he)與運(yun)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)聯(lian)鎖(suo)的(de)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)夾軌器(qi)。橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)端(duan)無(wu)懸臂(bei)(bei)的(de)；也可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)端(duan)有(you)(you)懸臂(bei)(bei)或兩(liang)端(duan)都有(you)(you)懸臂(bei)(bei)的(de)，以(yi)擴大(da)作(zuo)業(ye)范圍。半龍(long)門(men)起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)端(duan)有(you)(you)支(zhi)腿，另一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)端(duan)無(wu)支(zhi)腿，直接在高臺架(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)上運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。

龍門吊的主要組(zu)成(cheng)介紹

1，門架結構

門架(jia)結構(gou)主要由主梁(liang)(liang)和支(zhi)腿(tui)(tui)組(zu)成。主梁(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)以支(zhi)撐載重(zhong)小(xiao)車，并且通(tong)過(guo)支(zhi)腿(tui)(tui)沿(yan)軌道運(yun)行(xing)。小(xiao)型龍(long)門起重(zhong)機(ji)采用(yong)(yong)單(dan)梁(liang)(liang)，大(da)(da)型龍(long)門起重(zhong)機(ji)采用(yong)(yong)雙梁(liang)(liang)。主梁(liang)(liang)的結構(gou)常有箱形和桁架(jia)式兩種，箱形梁(liang)(liang)結構(gou)簡單(dan)，便于制造(zao)，但(dan)迎風面(mian)積(ji)大(da)(da)，運(yun)行(xing)阻力大(da)(da)，且自(zi)重(zhong)大(da)(da)，不利于節(jie)省鋼(gang)材(cai)。支(zhi)腿(tui)(tui)的構(gou)造(zao)，大(da)(da)型機(ji)上一般一側用(yong)(yong)剛(gang)性(xing)支(zhi)腿(tui)(tui)，另一側用(yong)(yong)柔性(xing)支(zhi)腿(tui)(tui)，以減輕(qing)其自(zi)重(zhong)，補償跨(kua)度誤差。

2，載重小車

雙主梁龍門起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的(de)載重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)車(che)與橋式(shi)(shi)起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)車(che)基(ji)本相(xiang)同。單(dan)主梁常用電動葫蘆(lu)作(zuo)(zuo)載重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)車(che)，但單(dan)主梁的(de)龍門起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)不是用普通的(de)電動葫蘆(lu)作(zuo)(zuo)載重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)(xiao)車(che)。由于吊鉤需要放置在(zai)主梁的(de)外側(ce)(即(ji)側(ce)向懸掛的(de)方式(shi)(shi))，所(suo)以小(xiao)(xiao)車(che)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)也相(xiang)應(ying)有了(le)變(bian)化，除了(le)沿軌道行駛的(de)車(che)輪外，還增加了(le)防止傾(qing)翻和(he)導向的(de)水平(ping)或垂直滾輪。

3，大車運行機構

大(da)車運(yun)行機(ji)構同(tong)橋式起(qi)重機(ji)，多采用分(fen)別驅(qu)動。因為是露天作業，其支(zhi)腿下(xia)部裝有夾(jia)軌器或壓軌器。在(zai)起(qi)重機(ji)不(bu)工作或遇(yu)有大(da)風時(shi)，用夾(jia)軌器夾(jia)緊軌道，防止起(qi)重機(ji)被(bei)風吹動造成事故。

4，電氣設備

電機

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)分為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)和(he)制(zhi)動(dong)(發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)。在龍(long)門起重機(ji)(ji)中，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)引進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)開始運(yun)(yun)轉，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉變(bian)為機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)，這種(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)；當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸上(shang)加入(ru)機(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)，除去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)本(ben)身的(de)損耗外在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)內轉變(bian)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，這種(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)稱(cheng)為制(zhi)動(dong)(發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)。在一定(ding)條件(jian)下，仟何一臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，都可以采用上(shang)述兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)中的(de)任一種(zhong)(zhong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。

照明與信號

照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)分為內部照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)和工(gong)作(zuo)場(chang)地(di)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)兩種。內部照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)包(bao)括操縱室照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)、電氣設備(bei)室照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)和手提檢修燈；在露天場(chang)地(di)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)起重機一(yi)般由于場(chang)地(di)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)條件(jian)較差，往(wang)往(wang)需增(zeng)設探(tan)照(zhao)(zhao)燈2—4只。

5，駕駛室

駕駛室(shi)是操(cao)作人員(yuan)對龍(long)門起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)進行(xing)具(ju)體使用(yong)的場所，由于龍(long)門起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)是裝卸大型貨物的重(zhong)(zhong)要起重(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)，其運行(xing)的好壞直接影響生產效率(lv)，因此，對操(cao)作人員(yuan)有很(hen)嚴(yan)格的要求。例如熟悉龍(long)門起重(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的用(yong)途、設(she)備(bei)、操(cao)作方法、起重(zhong)(zhong)能力以及保養(yang)知識等。