龍門(men)(men)式(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)又叫龍門(men)(men)吊是水平橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)設置在(zai)兩(liang)條支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)上(shang)(shang)構(gou)(gou)成門(men)(men)架(jia)(jia)形狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)型起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。這種起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)地面軌道上(shang)(shang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)，主要用在(zai)露天(tian)貯料場、船塢(wu)、電站(zhan)、港口和(he)鐵路貨站(zhan)等地進行(xing)搬運(yun)(yun)(yun)和(he)安裝作(zuo)業(ye)。龍門(men)(men)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)、小車運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)和(he)橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)結構(gou)(gou)，與(yu)橋(qiao)式(shi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)基本相(xiang)同。由于跨度(du)大(da)(da)，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)大(da)(da)多(duo)采用分別(bie)驅動方(fang)式(shi)，以(yi)防止起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)產生歪斜(xie)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)而(er)增加阻力(li)，甚至發(fa)生事故。龍門(men)(men)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小車在(zai)橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小車就是一(yi)(yi)臺臂(bei)架(jia)(jia)型起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)一(yi)(yi)般都是剛(gang)性支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)；跨度(du)超過30米時，常(chang)是一(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)為剛(gang)性支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)，而(er)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)通過球(qiu)鉸和(he)橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)連接的(de)(de)(de)柔性支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)，使門(men)(men)架(jia)(jia)成為靜定(ding)系統，這樣可(ke)以(yi)避免在(zai)外載荷作(zuo)用下由于側(ce)(ce)向(xiang)推力(li)而(er)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)附加應力(li)，也(ye)可(ke)補償(chang)橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)縱向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)溫度(du)變形龍門(men)(men)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)受(shou)風面積大(da)(da),為防止在(zai)強(qiang)風作(zuo)用下滑行(xing)或翻倒，裝有(you)(you)(you)測風儀和(he)與(yu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)聯鎖的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)夾軌器。橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)可(ke)以(yi)是兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)無(wu)懸臂(bei)的(de)(de)(de)；也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)是一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)有(you)(you)(you)懸臂(bei)或兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)都有(you)(you)(you)懸臂(bei)的(de)(de)(de)，以(yi)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)作(zuo)業(ye)范圍。半(ban)龍門(men)(men)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)橋(qiao)架(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)有(you)(you)(you)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)端(duan)(duan)無(wu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿(tui)，直接在(zai)高臺架(jia)(jia)上(shang)(shang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)。

龍門吊的主要組成介紹

1，門架結構

門架(jia)結(jie)構(gou)主要(yao)由(you)主梁(liang)(liang)和支腿組成。主梁(liang)(liang)用以支撐載(zai)重小(xiao)車(che)，并且通過支腿沿軌道運行。小(xiao)型龍(long)門起重機采用單(dan)梁(liang)(liang)，大(da)型龍(long)門起重機采用雙梁(liang)(liang)。主梁(liang)(liang)的(de)結(jie)構(gou)常有箱(xiang)形和桁架(jia)式兩種，箱(xiang)形梁(liang)(liang)結(jie)構(gou)簡單(dan)，便于(yu)制造，但迎風面(mian)積大(da)，運行阻力(li)大(da)，且自重大(da)，不利(li)于(yu)節(jie)省(sheng)鋼(gang)材。支腿的(de)構(gou)造，大(da)型機上一(yi)般一(yi)側用剛(gang)性支腿，另一(yi)側用柔性支腿，以減輕其自重，補償跨度誤差。

2，載重小車

雙(shuang)主(zhu)梁龍門起(qi)重(zhong)機的(de)載重(zhong)小車(che)與橋式起(qi)重(zhong)機小車(che)基本(ben)相同(tong)。單(dan)主(zhu)梁常用電(dian)(dian)動葫(hu)蘆作(zuo)載重(zhong)小車(che)，但單(dan)主(zhu)梁的(de)龍門起(qi)重(zhong)機不是用普(pu)通的(de)電(dian)(dian)動葫(hu)蘆作(zuo)載重(zhong)小車(che)。由于吊鉤(gou)需要放(fang)置在主(zhu)梁的(de)外側(ce)(即側(ce)向懸掛的(de)方式)，所以(yi)小車(che)形式也相應有了變(bian)化(hua)，除了沿軌道行駛的(de)車(che)輪(lun)外，還增加了防止(zhi)傾翻和導向的(de)水平或垂直滾(gun)輪(lun)。

3，大車運行機構

大車運行(xing)機(ji)構同橋式起重(zhong)機(ji)，多(duo)采(cai)用分別驅動(dong)。因為是(shi)露(lu)天作業，其支腿(tui)下部裝有夾軌(gui)(gui)器或壓軌(gui)(gui)器。在起重(zhong)機(ji)不工作或遇有大風時，用夾軌(gui)(gui)器夾緊軌(gui)(gui)道，防(fang)止起重(zhong)機(ji)被風吹動(dong)造成事故(gu)。

4，電氣設備

電機

電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的運(yun)行狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態分為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態和(he)制動(dong)(dong)(發電(dian)(dian))狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態兩種(zhong)。在龍門起(qi)重機(ji)(ji)中，當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)引(yin)進電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)開始運(yun)轉，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉變為機(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)，這種(zhong)運(yun)行狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態；當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸上(shang)加入機(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng)(neng)，除去電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)本(ben)身(shen)的損耗外在電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)內轉變成電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，這種(zhong)運(yun)行狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態稱(cheng)為制動(dong)(dong)(發電(dian)(dian)，狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態。在一定(ding)條件(jian)下，仟何一臺電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，都可以采用上(shang)述兩種(zhong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態中的任(ren)一種(zhong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態運(yun)行。

照明與信號

照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)分為內部照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)和工作場地(di)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)兩種。內部照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)包括操縱室照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)、電氣設備室照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)和手提檢修(xiu)燈；在露(lu)天場地(di)工作的(de)起(qi)重機一般(ban)由于場地(di)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)條件較(jiao)差，往往需增設探(tan)照(zhao)(zhao)燈2—4只(zhi)。

5，駕駛室

駕駛室(shi)是(shi)操(cao)作人員(yuan)(yuan)對龍門起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)進行具(ju)體使用(yong)的場所，由于龍門起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)是(shi)裝卸大型貨物(wu)的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設備(bei)，其運行的好(hao)壞直接影響生產效(xiao)率，因此(ci)，對操(cao)作人員(yuan)(yuan)有很嚴格的要求。例如(ru)熟悉(xi)龍門起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)的用(yong)途、設備(bei)、操(cao)作方法、起(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能力以(yi)及(ji)保養(yang)知識等。