龍(long)門(men)式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)又叫龍(long)門(men)吊是水平橋(qiao)(qiao)架(jia)設置(zhi)在(zai)兩(liang)條支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿上構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)門(men)架(jia)形狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)橋(qiao)(qiao)架(jia)型起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。這種(zhong)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)地面軌(gui)(gui)道上運(yun)行(xing)，主要用在(zai)露(lu)天貯料場、船塢、電站(zhan)、港口和鐵路貨站(zhan)等(deng)地進行(xing)搬運(yun)和安裝作業(ye)。龍(long)門(men)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)升機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)、小(xiao)車運(yun)行(xing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)和橋(qiao)(qiao)架(jia)結構(gou)(gou)，與(yu)橋(qiao)(qiao)式起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)基本相同。由(you)于跨度大，起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)大多采用分別(bie)驅動方(fang)式，以防止(zhi)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)產生歪(wai)斜(xie)運(yun)行(xing)而(er)增加阻力，甚至發生事故。龍(long)門(men)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)車在(zai)橋(qiao)(qiao)架(jia)上運(yun)行(xing)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)車就(jiu)是一臺(tai)臂(bei)架(jia)型起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。橋(qiao)(qiao)架(jia)兩(liang)側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿一般都是剛性(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿；跨度超過30米時，常是一側(ce)為(wei)剛性(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿，而(er)另一側(ce)通過球鉸和橋(qiao)(qiao)架(jia)連接的(de)(de)(de)柔性(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿，使門(men)架(jia)成(cheng)為(wei)靜定系統，這樣可(ke)以避免在(zai)外載荷作用下由(you)于側(ce)向推力而(er)引起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)附(fu)加應力，也(ye)可(ke)補償橋(qiao)(qiao)架(jia)縱向的(de)(de)(de)溫度變形龍(long)門(men)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)受風(feng)面積大,為(wei)防止(zhi)在(zai)強風(feng)作用下滑行(xing)或(huo)翻倒，裝有(you)測風(feng)儀和與(yu)運(yun)行(xing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)聯(lian)鎖的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)夾(jia)軌(gui)(gui)器。橋(qiao)(qiao)架(jia)可(ke)以是兩(liang)端(duan)無(wu)懸臂(bei)的(de)(de)(de)；也(ye)可(ke)以是一端(duan)有(you)懸臂(bei)或(huo)兩(liang)端(duan)都有(you)懸臂(bei)的(de)(de)(de)，以擴大作業(ye)范(fan)圍。半龍(long)門(men)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)橋(qiao)(qiao)架(jia)一端(duan)有(you)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿，另一端(duan)無(wu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腿，直接在(zai)高臺(tai)架(jia)上運(yun)行(xing)。

龍(long)門吊(diao)的主要組(zu)成介紹

1，門架結構

門(men)(men)架結構(gou)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要由主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)梁和(he)支(zhi)腿組成。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)梁用(yong)(yong)以支(zhi)撐載重(zhong)小(xiao)車，并且通過支(zhi)腿沿(yan)軌(gui)道(dao)運行。小(xiao)型龍(long)門(men)(men)起重(zhong)機采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)梁，大(da)型龍(long)門(men)(men)起重(zhong)機采(cai)用(yong)(yong)雙梁。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)梁的結構(gou)常有箱形(xing)和(he)桁架式(shi)兩種，箱形(xing)梁結構(gou)簡單(dan)，便(bian)于制造，但(dan)迎風面積大(da)，運行阻力大(da)，且自重(zhong)大(da)，不利于節省鋼材。支(zhi)腿的構(gou)造，大(da)型機上一般(ban)一側用(yong)(yong)剛性支(zhi)腿，另一側用(yong)(yong)柔性支(zhi)腿，以減輕其自重(zhong)，補(bu)償跨度誤差。

2，載重小車

雙主(zhu)梁(liang)龍(long)門起(qi)重機(ji)(ji)的載(zai)(zai)重小(xiao)車(che)(che)與(yu)橋式起(qi)重機(ji)(ji)小(xiao)車(che)(che)基本相(xiang)同。單主(zhu)梁(liang)常用(yong)電(dian)動葫蘆作載(zai)(zai)重小(xiao)車(che)(che)，但(dan)單主(zhu)梁(liang)的龍(long)門起(qi)重機(ji)(ji)不(bu)是(shi)用(yong)普通(tong)的電(dian)動葫蘆作載(zai)(zai)重小(xiao)車(che)(che)。由于吊(diao)鉤需(xu)要放置在(zai)主(zhu)梁(liang)的外(wai)側(ce)(即側(ce)向懸掛的方式)，所以小(xiao)車(che)(che)形式也相(xiang)應有(you)了(le)變(bian)化，除了(le)沿軌道行(xing)駛的車(che)(che)輪外(wai)，還增加了(le)防(fang)止傾翻和導(dao)向的水平或(huo)垂(chui)直滾輪。

3，大車運行機構

大車運行(xing)機(ji)構同橋式起重機(ji)，多采(cai)用分別驅動。因為是(shi)露天作(zuo)業，其支腿(tui)下部裝(zhuang)有(you)夾(jia)軌(gui)器(qi)或壓(ya)軌(gui)器(qi)。在(zai)起重機(ji)不工(gong)作(zuo)或遇有(you)大風時，用夾(jia)軌(gui)器(qi)夾(jia)緊軌(gui)道，防止起重機(ji)被風吹動造成事故。

4，電氣設備

電機

電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的運(yun)(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)分為電(dian)(dian)動狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)制動(發電(dian)(dian))狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩(liang)種(zhong)。在龍門起重機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)，當電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)引進電(dian)(dian)能時，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開始運(yun)(yun)轉，將電(dian)(dian)能轉變為機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能，這種(zhong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)稱為電(dian)(dian)動狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)；當電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軸上(shang)加入機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械能，除去電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)身的損耗外在電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內轉變成電(dian)(dian)能，這種(zhong)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)稱為制動(發電(dian)(dian)，狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。在一定條件下，仟何一臺電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，都(dou)可以(yi)采用上(shang)述兩(liang)種(zhong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)的任(ren)一種(zhong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。

照明與信號

照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)分為內(nei)部照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)和(he)工作場(chang)地照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)兩種(zhong)。內(nei)部照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)包(bao)括操縱室照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)、電氣設備室照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)和(he)手提檢修燈；在露(lu)天場(chang)地工作的(de)起重機(ji)一般由于場(chang)地照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)條(tiao)件較差，往(wang)往(wang)需增設探照(zhao)燈2—4只(zhi)。

5，駕駛室

駕駛(shi)室是操(cao)作(zuo)人員(yuan)對龍(long)(long)門起(qi)(qi)(qi)重機進行具體(ti)使用的(de)(de)場所，由于龍(long)(long)門起(qi)(qi)(qi)重機是裝卸大(da)型(xing)貨物的(de)(de)重要起(qi)(qi)(qi)重設備，其(qi)運行的(de)(de)好壞直接(jie)影響生產效率，因此，對操(cao)作(zuo)人員(yuan)有很嚴格的(de)(de)要求。例如熟悉龍(long)(long)門起(qi)(qi)(qi)重機的(de)(de)用途、設備、操(cao)作(zuo)方法(fa)、起(qi)(qi)(qi)重能力以及保養(yang)知識(shi)等。